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Murji'ah
All praise is due to Allaah and prayers and peace be upon His Messenger, to proceed: This is a compilation of some excellent excerpts from Kitaab ul-Eemaan of Shaykh ul-Islaam (and other works), which explain in detail, the errors of the Murji'ah in their understanding of Imaan, as well as giving a thorough understanding of the reality of Imaan itself, and that which opposes it, which is Kufr. The Murji'ah are of various factions and they expel either the external actions of the limbs or the internal actions of the heart from the reality of faith (which in turn leads to expelling the external actions from faith). Ibn Taymiyyah discusses some of the finer issues connected to these matters in his rebuttals of the various factions who erred in this subject. THE ASL, FOUNDATION OF IMAAN IS NOT MERE TASDEEQ, BUT TASDEEQ WITH INQIYAAD AND KUFR IS MORE GENERAL THAN TAKDHEEB Shaykh ul-Islaam Ibn Taymiyyah said in as-Saarim al-Maslool (3/966):
Second: that Imaan, even though it [Imaan] comprises tasdeeq (assent of the heart), then it is not mere tasdeeq alone. Rather it is iqraar (affirmation) and tum'aneenah (ease, tranquillity). This is because tasdeeq is only applied to information (khabar). As for command (amr), then, from the point of view that it is a command, there is no tasdeeq applied to it. And the speech of Allaah consists of information (khabr) and command (amr). Hence, the information (khabar) necessitates and requires tasdeeq (belief, assent) of that which has been informed of, and the command (amr) necessitates and requires inqiyaad (compliance) and istislaam (submission) to it. And this is an action of the heart and what brings this together is khudoo' (submission) and inqiyaad (compliance) to the command, even if that which has been commanded is not fulfilled (outwardly). And he also said, (as-Saarim al-Maslool 3/864):
As for their saying that he is an apostate and so his repentance is to be sought, just like all the apostates, then the answer is: that this person is an apostate with the meaning that he spoke a word on account of which he became a kaafir, his blood becoming lawful (to be taken) and it being permitted alongside this that he still believes in the truthfulness (musaddiqan) of the Messenger, acknowledging his Prophethood. However, the requirements of tasdeeq are respect in one's words (tawqeer). Hence, when he defames him with his words, then the judgement of that tasdeeq [necessitating submissiveness] is removed (from him), and so he falls to the level of the mere acknowledgement of Iblees of Allaah's Ruboobiyyah. For [tasdeeq] necessitates and requires submission (khudoo') to Him. Hence, when he (Iblees) became arrogant towards His command, the judgement of that acknowledgement (i'tiraaf) was falsified. Hence, Imaan in Allaah and His Messenger is speech (qawl) and action ('amal). I mean by action here, what arises from speech and belief (of the heart) of veneration (ta'dheem) and magnification (ijlaal) (i.e. the action of the heart). So when he does what is opposite to that of arrogance (istikbaar) and belittlement (istikhfaaf), he becomes a kaafir. In these passages Ibn Taymiyyah explains that since Allaah's revelation consists of both information (khabar) and request (talab, which can be a command or prohibition) then the heart in turn must face all of that with two things, tasdeeq (attestation, belief) with respect to those matters that are information (khabar) and inward compliance (inqiyaad) with respect to those matters which are requests (commands and prohibitions). These two constituents make up the foundations of faith in the heart, which are also tied to the external statements and actions. Faith is not restricted to mere tasdeeq (attestation, belief) but also extends into the actions of the heart, since it is the intrinsic quality of the revealed information (khabar) that it produces actions of the heart (such as inqiyaad).
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Imam al-Dhahabi's Biography for Ibn Taymiyyah in the unpublished volume of Siyar A'laam al-Nubulaa
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